畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1994-2001.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.11.011

• 动物营养 • 上一篇    下一篇

绵羊牧食行为对限时放牧加补饲制度的响应

张晓庆1,2,张英俊2   

  1. (1.中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特 010010; 2.中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京 100193)
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-19 出版日期:2015-11-23 发布日期:2015-11-23
  • 作者简介:张晓庆(1978-),女,甘肃永昌人,副研究员,博士,主要从事放牧家畜营养研究,Tel: 0471-4967572,E-mail:zhangxiaoqing@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(31402119);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610332015014)

Response of Ingestive Behaviour of Sheep to Restricted Time at Pasture and Indoor Feeding

ZHANG Xiao-qing1,2,ZHANG Ying-jun2   

  1. (1.Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;2.College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
  • Received:2014-12-19 Online:2015-11-23 Published:2015-11-23

摘要:

 旨在分析绵羊牧食行为对限时放牧加补饲制度的响应过程。本研究选择30只乌珠穆沁去势公羔,按照同质原则随机分成5个处理组:舍饲组(0H,对照),放牧2 h组(2H)、放牧4 h组(4H)、放牧8 h组(8H)、放牧12 h组(12H)。再从每组挑选2只,由2个观察者采用直接观察法观察各组羔羊的日常行为活动,分别在7、8、9月每月前10 d(观察期)各观察1次,每次每只连续观察2 d,每天观察15 h,从早06:00开始至晚21:00结束。结果表明:(1)限时放牧加补饲显著影响羔羊的行为模式。随放牧时间的减少,羔羊采食时间所占比例显著增加(P<0.001),而休息时间、行走时间和行走距离显著减少(P<0.001),其中,2H、4H组在允许放牧时间内没有休息时间。(2)限时放牧处理显著影响羔羊的咀嚼频率(P=0.003)。舍饲组最低,2H组次之,4H、8H、12H组最高;2H、4H组的采食频率(+3.6、+1.8 口•min-1)有高于12H组的趋势(51 口•min-1P=0.067)。(3)放牧季节显著影响羔羊的行为活动。7月份各处理组的采食时间显著(P<0.001)多于8、9月份;7~9月份8H、12H组的行走距离显著减少(P<0.001),而2H、4H组无明显差异;随着放牧季节的变迁,各处理组的采食频率递减(P<0.001)而咀嚼频率递增(P<0.001)。本研究结果表明,绵羊对限时放牧加补饲制度的响应是通过提高放牧效率来实现,也即提高采食效率和反刍效率,减少休息时间和游走时间,以补偿放牧时间的减少。

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the response of ingestive behaviour of sheep to the restriction of time at pasture combined with indoor feeding.Thirty castrated male Ujumuqin lambs were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups:(i) no grazing(0H;control),(ii) 2 h grazing(2H),(iii) 4 h grazing(4H),(iv) 8 h grazing(8H),and(v) 12 h grazing(12H).Behavioural activities of two lambs from each treatment were monitored daily by 2 observers during the first 10 days of July,August and September(investigating periods),respectively.Observations of each group were conducted for a 2 d period and daily observation time was 15 h from 06:00 to 21:00 throughout the whole investigating period.The results showed as follow:(1) Restrictions at pasture significantly affected animal behavioural pattern.With the time at grazing reduction,the proportion time spent grazing increased(P<0.001),while the time spent resting and walking,and walking distance decreased significantly(P<0.001).2H and 4H treatments had no time to rest during grazing.(2) Chewing rate was significantly affected by treatments(P=0.003).0H treatment present the lowest chewing rate and 4H,8H and 12H treatments present the highest,however,lambs in the 2H treatment had a lower chewing rate than the 4H,8H and 12H treatments.Biting rate tended to be affected by treatment(P=0.067),and lambs allocated to the 2H and 4H treatments had higher biting rates(+3.6 and +1.8 bites•min-1) compared to the 12H treatment(51 bites•min-1).(3) Behavioural activities were significantly affected by the season.The time spent on grazing in July was more than(P<0.001) that in August and September.A significant(P<0.001) reduction in walking distance was observed in 8H and 12H treatments from July to September,but no difference was found between 2H and 4H treatments.Lambs decreased(P<0.001) their biting rates and increased(P<0.001) their chewing rates as the season progressed.Animals restricted access of 4 h per day at pasture has the strong ability to adapt their behavioural activity through increasing the proportion of grazing time,decreasing the proportion of resting time,and accelerating the chewing rate to improve grazing efficiency in compensation for the reduced access time to pasture.

中图分类号: